With the latest CCTV requirements almost all digital recorders have audio input for a microphone.
The microphone converts human speech and sound to electronic impulses thanks to a mini membrane. It work on the same principal like the human ear and it uses electricity to convert the membrane trembling into electronic signal which is amplified and filtered then passed to the DVR for recording.
DVR will only work with a microphone that has a built an amplifier and noise filter built in. Here comes the difference between the different microphones.
The high quality microphones are made of very sensitive membrane combined with the high ratio amplifier and sophisticated filter. Even if one of these component is not good enough the sound coming from your microphone will be either too quite , have too much background noise or a lot of frequency interference.
Normally CCTV microphones have an adjustable sensitivity knob which allows you to set it according to your room volume. Most microphones cover rooms of up to 20-30 sq meters